AETIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Frank, A (1993)
Low back pain
British Medical Journal 306, 901-908

Burton K et al
Spine update: Back Injury and Work Loss; Biomechanical and Psychosocial Influences
Spine 1997 22(21):2575-80

Hadler NM
Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders
2nd ed Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999 p14

Hall H et al
Spontaneous Onset of Back Pain
Clinical Journal of Pain 1998 14(2):129-33

Videman T and Battie M
The Influence of Occupation on Lumbar Degeneration
Spine 1999 24(11):1164-8

Waddell G
Back Pain Revolution
Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1997 p98

Myers AH et al
Back Injury in Municipal Workers A case-control study
American Journal of Public Health 1999 89(7): 1036-41

Anon
The Back Book
London The Stationery Office 1996 ISBN 011-702078-8

Burton K et al
Information and advice to patients with back pain does have a positive effect
A randomised, controlled trial of an educational booklet in primary care, presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of the Study of the Lumbar Spine Hawaii 1999: as yet unpublished